RBT Practice Exam 1

Answer is 2
Explanation
ABC data allows us to examine what happens immediately before the behavior and what happened immediately after the behavior. It helps to identify a hypothesized function.

Answer: 4
Explanation:
Dignity is the right of a person to be valued and respected for their own sake and to be treated ethically. Respecting cultural differences and protecting private or sensitive information are ways to respect clients.

Answer is 3
Overall explanation
Permanent product recording is a data collection method that leaves an impact on the environment and can be recorded after the behavior occurs. Completed worksheets are a permanent product that can be recorded after doing math problems.

Overall explanation
Negative reinforcement is the removal of a stimulus that increases a behavior. When yelling is removed, the behavior of cleaning increases.

Overall explanation
Variable Ratio: A schedule of reinforcement in which a reinforcer is delivered after an average number of responses occurred. In this example, a tangible reinforcer is delivered on average after every 5th correct response.

Explanation: Duration is the measurement of how long a behavior occurs. Duration differs from rate in that rate is the frequency of a behavior over a set amount of time.

Overall explanation
As an RBT, it is important to only carry out interventions and safety care procedures as they are written in the behavior intervention plan. If Safety care training is required, the technician will be properly trained to keep the client, others, and themselves safe.

Overall explanation
A schedule of reinforcement where reinforcement is provided after a fixed amount of time elapses. In this example, 1 hour is a fixed amount of time not an average amount of time.

Overall explanation
Task analyses are typically routine based targets that are broken down into a behavior chain (step by step) and can analyze which areas in the routine require extra support or steps the client can complete independently.

Overall explanation
Positive reinforcement is described as adding something to the environment after a behavior occurs that increases the behavior occurring again in the future. In this example, a sticker is added and brushing teeth increases in the future.

Overall explanation
In behavior analysis, we use ABC data to record behavior data where A is the antecedent (what occurs immediately before the behavior), B is the behavior observed, and C is the immediate consequence following the behavior.

Overall explanation
Escape behavior are behaviors that occur when someone is presented with an aversive demand or to get out of/avoid doing task. In this example, Ashley’s teacher reinforces her escape behavior by allowing her not to complete the worksheet.

Overall explanation
The abscissa is described as the distance an x-coordinate is from the y-axis moving horizontally. The horizontal axis on a coordinate graph is the x-axis.

Overall explanation
Partial interval recording is used to measure if a behavior occurred at any point within the interval and is recorded as a +. For example, if the interval is 1-minute long and the behavior only occurred for 5 seconds you would still record a +. Whole interval recording is measured when the behavior occurs for the whole interval (e.g., During a 1-minute interval the behavior occurred for the whole minute).

Overall explanation
An SD signals the availability of reinforcement. For example, an “open” sign on a store signals customers that they can come inside. An S-Delta signals the unavailability of reinforcement. For example, a “closed” sign on the store signals the unavailability of reinforcement.

Overall explanation
It is outlined within the BACB’s RBT ethics code that RBTs should not have dual relationships with the clients and their families that they serve. Babysitting for a client would cause the relationship to move from strictly professional to a personal relationship and professional relationship.

Overall explanation
Least-to-most prompting is prompting strategy that goes teaching the least intrusive prompt to the most intrusive promot. Prompts that are less invasive are easier to fade out. The most invasive prompting strategy is full physical prompting, followed by partial prompting.

Overall explanation
Backward chaining where all of the steps in the chain are completed for the learner except for the last one, then the second to last one and so on. In this example, the RBT prompts the learner through the chain of responses until he has mastered completing the last step and then the second to last step and so forth. This chain allows the learner to contact reinforcement faster by completing the last step and being rewarded.

Overall explanation
It is mandated by the BACB and outlined in the ethical code.

Keeping sensitive information on a need-to-know basis is how we maintain respect for the client and keep personal information confidential.

Continuous reinforcement is when reinforcement is provided every time a target response/behavior is emitted. This is also a fixed ratio 1 schedule (FR1), because for every correct response the client is reinforced. CRF is a FR1 schedule.

Generalization occurs when a behavior occurs in other contexts besides the one it was taught in. By finding other opportunities where the target behavior is relevant, the technician can ensure the client’s skill is maintained and functional in other contexts (e.g., settings, different stimuli, people)

The three-term contingency is the basic concept of behavior analysis and allows us to observe patterns between the environment and what happened before the behavior (antecedent), behavior (response), and what happens immediately after the behavior (consequence).

Behavior is anything an organism does that can be observed and measured

Overgeneralization: Occurs when a client learns a behavior or response and applies it beyond the appropriate context. In this example, the client had “overgeneralized” the mand “open door,” with opening other items.

Negative reinforcement is defined by the removal of a stimulus that increases a behavior.Example: Lauren has wet hands after washing them. She dries them with paper towel and the water is now removed from them. She knows that every time she doesn’t want her hands to remain wet she can use a paper towel to get rid of the water. She now uses a towel every time he wants to remove the water from her hands.

It is against the ethical code of the BACB to have a dual relationship with the clients you serve, including caregivers. Having a personal relationship via social media causes the relationship to move from strictly professional to personal and professional.

Indirect observation counts as any form of collecting data about the client and their behaviors that doesn’t include direct observation of the client’s behavior by the observer. The questionnaire given to parents is an indirect method of collecting data.

Time is on the X axis and is measured in equal increments. The Y axis measures the behavior of interest.

Positive punishment: adding something to the environment that decreases the behavior occurring in the future. In this case, the addition of a speeding ticket decreases Dave’s speeding in the future.

Response generalization occurs when a learner acquires a behavior response that was not previously taught. This learner learned to say “hello,” and generalized the response to “hi” or “hey”.

Session notes are completed daily after every services rendered. The information from the session include skills worked on with the client. Details of the session must include the date, time, and information about the session. Session note are/can be reviewed by caregivers, insurance companies, and BCBA’s and must be written in observable and measurable terms.

Probing: measuring a child’s ability to perform a specific skill (e.g. assessing whether the learner can perform the skill or did not demonstrate the ability to preform the skill). Teaching does occur when probing a skill.

There are 4 main functions of behavior; Attention, Automatic, Escape and Access.

Direct measurement or direct observation is when an individual directly observes and measures a behavior.

Token economies are a teaching strategy where a learner accumulates tokens of value that can be exchanged later for a larger reinforcer. The number of tokens required to earn before being able to exchange them is the ratio of exchange. Backup reinforcers are the items or activities that the tokens can be exchanged for.

Positive reinforcement: Addition of a stimuli to the environment that increases the future frequency of a behavior. In this example, money (is added) that (increases) the behavior of cleaning her room.

As an RBT, it is out of your scope to provide clinical feedback regarding behavior change procedures when working under a BCBA. Reach our to the BCBA and refer the parent to the BCBA on the case.

Maintaining dignity is ensuring that the clients are treated with respect. Making sure your client is not exposed during toilet training maintains privacy.

Antecedent Strategies/Proactive Strategies: Strategies that can be implemented before a behavior occurs. Wearing your hair back or having a hair tie are two proactive strategies to prevent a client from being able to engage in hair grabbing.

For HIPAA purposes, RBTs must maintain client confidentiality and not provide information about the client or their treatment with anyone unaffiliated with the client’s treatment team.

Session notes are insurance documents that can be reviewed by insurance companies, caregivers, and BCBA’s. Session notes must be written professionally, objectively, and in measurable terms.Example sentance: The client cried for 3 minutes when denied access to another cookie.

The client telling jokes the behavior is followed by the consequence of attention from his peers.

In a pairing procedure, one pairs themselves/item (a neutral stimulus) with preferred items/activities or already established reinforcers.

DRI is a procedure in which reinforcement is delivered for a behavior that is topographically incompatible with the problem behavior. Incompatible means that the 2 behaviors are not able to completed at the same time. In this example, the client cannot roam the room and be seated in a chair at the same time.

According to the RBT ethic code 2.06 “2.06 RBTs direct any questions or concerns that they or others (e.g., caregivers, coworkers) have about their behavior technician services to their supervisor.”

Shaping means using differential reinforcement to produce a series of gradually changing response classes; each response class is a successive approximation toward a terminal behavior. Example- If you are teaching a learner to clap hands: you could first reinforce having their hands out. Then when their hand hits the other hand and they full clap, you would reinforce that response not the previous response.

Frequency is the amount of times a response occurs. The RBT recorded every time the child threw an item. This tells how many times this behavior is happening.

Prompt dependency: In this example, the client depends on prompt in order to do the action. We already know that clapping is in the learner’s repertoire as they were previously observed spontaneously imitating a peer.

DTT is a structured ABA technique that breaks down skills into small, “discrete” components. Systematically, the trainer teaches these skills one by one. Along the way, trainers use tangible reinforcements for desired behavior. For a child, this might include a candy or small toy.

When putting a behavior on extinction, there is a possibility that an extinction burst could occur. An extinction burst is when a behavior increases before it decreases.

Differential reinforcement is reinforcing only those responses within a response class that meet a specific criterion along some dimensions and placing all other response in the class on extinction.

Stimulus generalization is when an antecedent stimulus has a history of evoking a response that has been reinforced in its presence, the same type of behavior tends to be evoked by stimuli that share similar physical properties with the controlling antecedent stimulus.

This selected answer best describes a teaching method known as DTT. NET is teaching skills through play, in the natural environment, and focusing on immediate interests and motivation. NET is most commonly child led and occurs in natural contexts and settings.

According to RBT ethic code 2.06 “Always refer to your BCBA to get direction and to have them speak to parents about the clients session.

When the RBT presents the SD “Let’s trace” the client is observed eloping. In this example, the learner is “escaping” the instruction.

Line graphs represent information between the independent variable and the dependent variable. Line graphs reveal trends in the data. This information is used for tracking behavior responses which helps determine interventions and behavior change procedures.

A Multiple Stimuli without replacement (MSWO) allows the instructor (RBT/BCBA) to create a hierarchy of the child’s preferences (potential reinforcers). In this example, there was five items presented in an array to the client. Once a client picked an item, that item was removed/not replaced back into the array.

The replacement behavior must match the function. In this case, the function was escape. Giving the client the words or visuals for requesting a break would help prevent the tantrum behavior and provide an alternative response.

In the 3-term contingency (A-B-C) , the C stands for consequence. The consequence is what happens immediately after the behaivor.

In this example, the RBT is preparing for the session. Preparing for the session is required when implementing a skill acquisition plan. It is important to have materials ready, review behavior plans, and ask questions as needed.

According to the RBT ethic code 2.06 “RBTs direct any questions or concerns that they or others (e.g., caregivers, coworkers) have about their behavior technician services to their supervisor.” The RBT should always inform the BCBA about questions or concerns they have or the parents have.

Reinforcement: A stimulus change delivered after a behavior that increases the future frequency of that behavior.

The replacement behavior should match the function of the behavior. Jack has attention seeking behaviors the answer that matches that would be withholding attention while Jack engages in aggressive behavior.

Abolishing operation: A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event. Establish operation is a motivating operation that increases the effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer.

As an RBT, you will receive constructive feedback and positive feedback. Feedback is provided as a learning opportunity and the feedback should be implemented for optimal client outcomes. If you need more clarification on the feedback provided, ask questions as necessary.

A skill acquisition plan includes goals in the client’s treatment plan. Based on the data, the plan will be modified as necessary. The BCBA will be review the data weekly (not every 2 months) to measure progress and make updates as needed.

Money is a conditioned reinforcer. Conditioned reinforcers do not occur naturally and are learned.

Per the RBT ethics code, RBT’s should never post their client’s on their social media pages.

Topography means the physical form or shape of a behavior.

Example: The topography of hitting can be defined as: Hitting with an open palm or close fist.

RBT Ethics code- Responsible Conduct 1.01: RBTs uphold and promote the values and core principles of behavior analysis.

It is out of an RBT’s scope of practice to change/modify a client’s skill acquisition plan

Response Cost: the loss of a specific number of positive reinforcers that decrease the frequency of a similar responses in the future; as forum of negative punishment. For example; removing a token on a token board for a behavior. The cost was losing the token.

Momentary time sampling: a measurement method in which the presence or absence of a behavior is recorded at the end of the interval only. Hint: the RBT looks up at the client at the exact moment the timer went off.